The FODRAT study (FOod addiction, DRugs, Alcohol and Tobacco): first data on food addiction prevalence among patients with addiction to drugs, tobacco and alcohol.

OBJECTIVES: The main focus of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of food addiction (FA) in a population of 575 subjects, all affected by drugs, alcohol and/or tobacco addiction. METHODS: Patients were enrolled in Addiction Service Centers and 25 items YFAS questionnaire was administered. Prevalence of FA was studied among patients who already have an addiction and then this prevalence was compared between groups of abusers (by type of substance), comparing mono abusers with polyabusers, as well as regressions by age, BMI, sex, through multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: Prevalence of FA in the sample is 20.17%. Risk of FA increases with the number of substances used (polyabuse). Results show a positive correlation, in addicted people, between BMI values and FA, with significant values (OR 1.08; 95% CI 1.04-1.13; p = 0.006). Age is inversely correlated with FA (OR 0.97; 95% CI 0.95-0.99; p = 0.01). Female sex is positively associated (OR 2.60; 95% CI 1.59-4.27, p = 0.000). No significant association appears with any substance, even if the highest prevalence is recorded among cannabis users (31.03%), and heroin (21.07%), followed by cocaine (18.53%), alcohol (14.49%) and tobacco (11.61%). A comparison between the FA prevalence in our study and that from another study in the Italian general population (11%) shows a significant difference (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of FA among addicted people is greater than in the general population. Risk of FA increases with the increase in number of used substances (polyabuse). Age is inversely correlated with FA. There is a positive and significant correlation between BMI and FA among substance/tobacco abusers. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level V, observational cross-sectional descriptive study.

[Obesity and Eating Disorders. Indications for the different levels of care. An Italian Expert Consensus Document]. / Documento di Consensus. Obesità e Disturbi dell'Alimentazione Indicazioni per i diversi livelli di trattamento.

This paper is an Italian Expert Consensus Document on multidimensional treatment of obesity and eating disorders. The Document is based on a wide survey of expert opinion. It presents, in particular, considerations regarding how clinicians go about choosing the most appropriate site of treatment for a given patient suffering from obesity and/or eating disorders: outpatient, partial hospitalization, residential rehabilitation centre, inpatient hospitalization. In a majority of instances obesity and eating disorders are long-term diseases and require a multiprofessional team-approach. In determining an initial level of care or a change to a different level of care, it is essential to consider together the overall physical condition, medical complications, disabilities, psychiatric comorbidity, psychology, behaviour, family, social resources, environment, and available services. We first created a review manuscript, a skeleton algorithm and two rating scales, based on the published guidelines and the existing research literature. As the second point we highlighted a number of clinical questions that had to be addressed in the specific context of our National Health Service and available specialized care units. Then we submitted eleven progressive revisions of the Document to the experts up to the final synthesis that was approved by the group. Of course, from point to point, some of the individual experts would differ with the consensus view. The document can be viewed as an expert consultation and the clinical judgement must always be tailored to the particular needs of each clinical situation. We will continue to revise the Document periodically based on new research information and on reassessment of expert opinion to keep it up-to-date. The Document was not financially sponsored.

Fiabilidad del "Maudsley addiction profile" (MAP, ERIT-version) y del "Treatment perceptions questionaire" (TPQ) en Italia, España y Portugal para la evaluación de tratamientos / Fiability of the Maudsley Addiction Profile ERIT Version (MAP) and the Treatment Perceptions Questionaire (TPQ) in Italy, Spain and Portugal for the evaluation of treatments

Se describe el control que se ha llevado a cabo sobre dos nuevas herramientas destinadas a la investigación sobre evaluación de tratamientos -el "MAUDSLEY ADDICTION PROFILE" (MAP, ERIT-Version) y el "TREATMENT PERCEPTIONS QUESTIONNAIRE" (TPQ) en Italia, Portugal y España. El MAP y el TPQ se desarrollaron en el Reino Unido como herramientas rápidas previsiblemente valiosas para la investigación de la población adulta que presenta desórdenes derivados del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas. El objetivo de dicho trabajo era validar la aplicación de estas herramientas en el contexto del continente europeo y la fiabilidad interna y test-retest de los ítem. En el estudio se incluyeron 206 sujetos en total (hubo 124 que participaron en el test- retest de MAP, y 95 que completaron el TPQ). Otros trece sujetos se sometieron a los dos, tanto al MAP como al TPQ. Los resultados del estudio indican que el MAP puede ser aplicado en 15 minutos, o menos incluso; que se ha comprobado la fiabilidad interna y test-retest del MAP y del TPQ, y que ambos resultan idóneos tanto para la validación del tratamiento como para otras relevantes propuestas de investigación que se desarrollen en la Unión Europea (AU)

New European instruments for treatment outcome research: reliability of the maudsley addiction profile and treatment perceptions questionnaire in Italy, Spain and Portugal.

This report describes the field testing of two recently developed instruments for treatment evaluation research - the Maudsley Addiction Profile (MAP) and the Treatment Perceptions Questionnaire (TPQ) - in Italy, Portugal and Spain. The MAP and TPQ have been developed in the United Kingdom as brief instruments which contain measures of high face validity for research applications with the adult psychoactive substance use disorder population. The present study assesses the application of these instruments in the continental European context and assesses the internal and test-retest reliabilities of the items. A total of 206 subjects participated in the study (124 subjects participated in the MAP test-retest study, and 95 clients completed the TPQ). Thirteen subjects completed both the MAP and the TPQ questionnaires. Results of the study indicated that the MAP can be administered to clients in 15 min or less. The internal and test-retest reliabilities of the MAP and TPQ are satisfactory. Both instruments are suitable for treatment evaluation and other relevant research purposes in the European Union.